The differences are due to various reasons, such as disparities in algorithms at the process level and propagation of the resulting uncertainty into higher-order processes. SWAT parameters were nontransferrable if nutrient was the main output. Sediment prediction was marginally reliable. Our results indicate that only the stream flow result was reliable when the models were upgraded or downgraded between the two versions after calibration. However, the calibrated parameters determined by SWAT2009 and SWAT2012 were noticeably different, due mostly to the enhancements made in SWAT2012. Results indicate that flow and water quality output were well calibrated with both models. Using a global optimization technique, each model was calibrated for flow, sediment, and nutrient and then tested for transferability of parameters between the models. In this study, the characteristic significance of the enhancements in SWAT code was investigated using the two recent versions, SWAT2009 and SWAT2012. Changes in the SWAT code on a specific process may result in propagating influences in the output of other related processes. It includes an overview of Indonesia's relations with other Asian powers, its economic potential, and profiles of selected ministers in Joko Widodo's working cabinet.In recent years, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool ( SWAT) has experienced upgrades with enhanced functionalities and modeling capacities as it gets to the current version, SWAT2012. This volume brings fresh perspectives on Indonesia and what the changes in Indonesian politics, diplomacy, and society mean for Australia - Indonesia relations and for the Indo-Pacific international system.
The volume was commissioned to contribute to the body of knowledge on Indonesia, especially now that the new president, Joko Widodo has taken office. The report is part of a volume published by the Perth USAsia Centre, "New Perspectives on Indonesia: Understanding Australia's Closest Asian Neighbour". It ends with a discussion of Australia’s engagement with Indonesian youth. It begins with a brief overview of young people’s role in influencing Indonesia’s political history, and subsequently showcases new research that identify issues faced by young people in relation to the economy (research by Thijs Schut on un(der)employed youth in Flores), religion (research by Hariyadi on Islamic films and self-help books) and environmental education (research by Kelsie Prabawa-Sear on environmental education in high schools). This report explores the diverse experiences of youth in Indonesia and their role in shaping the social and political landscape in the context of Australia-Indonesia relations.
Indonesia is often described by diplomats and politicians as Australia's most important relationship.
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